Arithmetic operators

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[Bearbeiten] Erklärung

[Bearbeiten] Conversions

• Wenn einer der Operanden hat scoped Aufzählungstyp, wird keine Konvertierung durchgeführt: der andere Operand und der Rückgabetyp muss den gleichen Typ haben

  Original:

  If either operand has scoped enumeration type, no conversion is performed: the other operand and the return type must have the same type

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• Andernfalls, wenn einer der Operanden long double, wird der andere Operand long double umgewandelt

  Original:

  Otherwise, if either operand is long double, the other operand is converted to long double

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• Andernfalls, wenn einer der Operanden double, wird der andere Operand double umgewandelt

  Original:

  Otherwise, if either operand is double, the other operand is converted to double

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• Andernfalls, wenn einer der Operanden float, wird der andere Operand float umgewandelt

  Original:

  Otherwise, if either operand is float, the other operand is converted to float

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• Ansonsten hat der Operand vom Typ Integer (weil bool, char, char16_t, char32_t, wchar_t und ohne Bereichseinschränkung Aufzählung an dieser Stelle gefördert wurden) und integraler Konvertierungen angewendet werden, um die häufigste Art produzieren, wie folgt:

  Original:

  Otherwise, the operand has integer type (because bool, char, char16_t, char32_t, wchar_t, and unscoped enumeration were promoted at this point) and integraler Konvertierungen are applied to produce the common type, as follows:

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• Wenn beide Operanden signiert sind oder beide sind unsigniert, der Operand mit geringerer Umwandlung Rang wird dem Operanden mit dem größeren Ganzzahlumwandlung Rang umgewandelt

  Original:

  If both operands are signed or both are unsigned, the operand with lesser conversion rank is converted to the operand with the greater integer conversion rank

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• Andernfalls, wenn der vorzeichenlosen Operanden Bekehrung Rang größer oder gleich der Umwandlung Rang des unterzeichneten Operanden, ist das unterzeichnete Operanden der unsigned Operanden konvertiert .

  Original:

  Otherwise, if the unsigned operand's conversion rank is greater or equal to the conversion rank of the signed operand, the signed operand is converted to the unsigned operand's type.

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• Ansonsten, wenn das unterzeichnete Operanden den Typ alle Werte des vorzeichenlosen Operanden darstellen kann, wird die vorzeichenlosen Operanden des Unterzeichners Operanden konvertiert

  Original:

  Otherwise, if the signed operand's type can represent all values of the unsigned operand, the unsigned operand is converted to the signer operand's type

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• Ansonsten werden beide Operanden dem unsigned Pendant des unterzeichneten Operanden konvertiert .

  Original:

  Otherwise, both operands are converted to the unsigned counterpart of the signed operand's type.

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[Bearbeiten] Überläuft

[Bearbeiten] Unäre arithmetische Operatoren

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    char c = 0x6a;
    int n1 = 1;
    unsigned char n2 = 1;
    unsigned int n3 = 1;
    std::cout << "char: " << c << " int: " << +c << '\n'
              << "-1, where 1 is signed: " << -n1 << '\n'
              << "-1, where 1 is unsigned char: " << -n2 << '\n'
              << "-1, where 1 is unsigned int: " << -n3 << '\n';
    char a[3];
    std::cout << "size of array: " << sizeof a << '\n'
              << "size of pointer: " << sizeof +a << '\n';
}

char: j int: 106
-1, where 1 is signed: -1
-1, where 1 is unsigned char: -1
-1, where 1 is unsigned int: 4294967295
size of array: 3
size of pointer: 8

[Bearbeiten] Additive Operatoren

• Ein Zeiger auf Nicht-Array Objekt als ein Zeiger auf das erste Element eines Array mit Größe 1 behandelt .

  Original:

  A pointer to non-array object is treated as a pointer to the first element of an array with size 1.

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• Wenn der Zeiger zeigt auf die P ith Element eines Arrays, werden die Ausdrücke P+n, n+P und P-n sind Zeiger des gleichen Typs, die auf die i+nth, i+nth und i-nth Element desselben Array sind. Das Ergebnis der Zeiger Zusätzlich kann auch ein ein-Vorbeireden Endzeiger sein (dh Zeiger P so dass die Expression P-1 zeigt auf das letzte Element des Arrays). Jede andere Situationen (das heißt, versucht, einen Zeiger, der nicht in die Richtung unter einem Element der gleichen Array oder ein über das Ende zu erzeugen) aufzurufen undefinierten Verhalten .

  Original:

  If the pointer P points to the ith element of an array, then the expressions P+n, n+P, and P-n are pointers of the same type that point to the i+nth, i+nth, and i-nth element of the same array, respectively. The result of pointer addition may also be a one-past-the-end pointer (that is, pointer P such that the expression P-1 points to the last element of the array). Any other situations (that is, attempts to generate a pointer that isn't pointing at an element of the same array or one past the end) invoke undefined behavior.

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• Wenn der Zeiger zeigt auf die P ith Element eines Arrays, und der Zeiger Q Punkten am jth Element des gleichen Array weist die Expression P-Q den Wert i-j, wenn der Wert passt std::ptrdiff_t. Beide Operanden muss den Elementen desselben Array (oder ein über das Ende) hinweisen, sonst nicht definiert. Wenn das Ergebnis nicht in std::ptrdiff_t passen, ist das Verhalten undefiniert .

  Original:

  If the pointer P points to the ith element of an array, and the pointer Q points at the jth element of the same array, the expression P-Q has the value i-j, if the value fits in std::ptrdiff_t. Both operands must point to the elements of the same array (or one past the end), otherwise the behavior is undefined. If the result does not fit in std::ptrdiff_t, the behavior is undefined.

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• Wenn der Wert ​0​ addiert oder subtrahiert wird von einem Zeiger, ist das Ergebnis der Zeiger, unverändert. Wenn zwei Zeiger, auf gleicher Objekt oder sowohl ein über das Ende des gleichen Array oder beide Null-Zeiger, dann ist das Ergebnis der Subtraktion sind gleich (std::ptrdiff_t)0 .

  Original:

  If the value ​0​ is added or subtracted from a pointer, the result is the pointer, unchanged. If two pointers point at the same object or are both one past the end of the same array, or both are null pointers, then the result of subtraction is equal to (std::ptrdiff_t)0.

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#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    char c = 2;
    unsigned int un = 2;
    int  n = -10;
    std::cout <<  " 2 + (-10), where 2 is a char    = " << c + n << '\n'
              <<  " 2 + (-10), where 2 is unsigned  = " << un + n << '\n'
              <<  " -10 - 2.12  = " << n - 2.12 << '\n';
 
    char a[4] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
    char* p = &a[1];
    std::cout << "Pointer addition examples: " << *p << *(p + 2)
              << *(2 + p) << *(p - 1) << '\n';
    char* p2 = &a[4];
    std::cout << "Pointer difference: " << p2 - p << '\n';
}

2 + (-10), where 2 is a char    = -8
 2 + (-10), where 2 is unsigned  = 4294967288
 -10 - 2.12  = -12.12
Pointer addition examples: bdda
Pointer difference: 3

[Bearbeiten] Multiplikativen Operatoren

• abgerundet durch die Implementierung definiert Richtung (bis C + +11)

  Original:

  rounded in implementation-defined direction (bis C + +11)

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• mit jedem Bruchteil verworfen (Richtung Null abgeschnitten) (seit C++11)

  Original:

  with any fractional part discarded (truncated towards zero) (seit C++11)

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• wenn eine oder beide Operanden negativ sind, ist das Vorzeichen des Rests Implementierung definiert, wie es auf der Rundung Richtung Ganzzahldivision (bis C + +11) abhängt

  Original:

  if one or both operands are negative, the sign of the remainder is implementation-defined, as it depends on the rounding direction of integer division (bis C + +11)

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#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    char c = 2;
    unsigned int un = 2;
    int  n = -10;
    std::cout <<  "2 * (-10), where 2 is a char    = " << c * n << '\n'
              <<  "2 * (-10), where 2 is unsigned  = " << un * n << '\n'
              <<  "-10 / 2.12  = " << n / 2.12 << '\n'
              <<  "-10 / 21  = " << n / 21 << '\n'
              <<  "-10 % 21  = " << n % 21 << '\n';
}

2 * (-10), where 2 is a char    = -20
2 * (-10), where 2 is unsigned  = 4294967276
-10 / 2.12  = -4.71698
-10 / 21  = 0
-10 % 21  = -10

[Bearbeiten] Bitweise logische Operatoren

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    std::cout << std::hex << std::showbase;
    uint16_t mask = 0x00f0;
    uint32_t a = 0x12345678;
    std::cout << "Value: " << a << " mask: " << mask << '\n'
              << "Setting bits: " << (a

Value: 0x12345678 mask: 0xf0
Setting bits: 0x123456f8
Clearing bits: 0x12345608
Selecting bits: 0x70

[Bearbeiten] Operatoren für bitweise Verschiebung

#include <iostream>
enum {ONE=1, TWO=2};
int main()
{
    std::cout << std::hex << std::showbase;
    char c = 0x10;
    unsigned long long ull = 0x123;
    std::cout << "0x123 << 1 = " << (ull << 1) << '\n'
              << "0x123 << 63 = " << (ull << 63) << '\n' // overflow in unsigned
              << "0x10 << 10 = " << (c << 10) << '\n';   // char is promoted to int
    long long ll = -1000;
    std::cout << std::dec << "-1000 >> 1 = " << (ll >> ONE) << '\n';
}

0x123 << 1 = 0x246
0x123 << 63 = 0x8000000000000000
0x10 << 10 = 0x4000
-1000 >> 1 = -500

[Bearbeiten] Standard-Bibliothek

[Bearbeiten] Unäre arithmetische Operatoren

[Bearbeiten] Additive Operatoren

[Bearbeiten] Multiplikativen Operatoren

[Bearbeiten] Bitweise logische Operatoren

[Bearbeiten] Operatoren für bitweise Verschiebung

[Bearbeiten] Stream Einfügen / Ausgabe-Operatoren

[Bearbeiten] Siehe auch

Operator Vorrang