ENH: Use MaskedEngine for numeric pyarrow dtypes

[phofl]

• closes #xxxx (Replace xxxx with the GitHub issue number)
• Tests added and passed if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
• All code checks passed.
• Added type annotations to new arguments/methods/functions.
• Added an entry in the latest doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

idx = pd.Index(list(range(1_000_000)), dtype="int64[pyarrow]")
idxer = list(range(1, 500_000, 10))

pr 
%timeit idx.get_indexer(idxer)
4.85 ms ± 24.4 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

main
%timeit idx.get_indexer(idxer)
16.9 ms ± 116 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

cc @mroeschke Is this roughly what you had in mind?

[mroeschke]

Nice! Yeah this is what I had in mind.

[phofl]

Added a whatsnew.

We should probably figure out a better way of converting to numpy when na_value is specified and compatible with the associated NumPy dtype

[phofl]

@mroeschke do we want to get this in before the rc?